testnet: drop tag side from digest-pinned images (Antithesis parser)
Antithesis's image puller rejects `name:tag@sha256:digest` with "Invalid image name: cannot be empty or contain invalid character" (verified via run https://github.com/cardano-foundation/cardano-node-antithesis/actions/runs/24998978617). Switch to canonical OCI digest-only form `name@sha256:digest`. Identical content guarantee, accepted by Antithesis. Update push-cardano_node_master_images.sh to skip entries that have no tag after sanitization — digest-only pins refer to images that already exist in the registry by definition; there is nothing to rebuild.